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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Rewarming rates and thermogenesis in hibernating echidnas</title>
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  13.     <meta content="Nicol, Stewart C." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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  27. <meta content="Tachyglossus aculeatus
  28. Echidna
  29. Monotreme
  30. Hibernation
  31. Thermoregulation
  32. Rewarming
  33. Maximal metabolic rate
  34. Non-shivering thermogenesis" name="eprints.keywords" />
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  37. <meta content="We measured body temperatures (Tb) in 14 free-ranging echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) using implanted data-loggers. An average of 1020 +/- 744 days of Tb data was recorded from each animal. The average maximum Tb was 35.3 +/- 0.7[no-break space][deg]C (n = 14), and the lowest Tb was 4.7[no-break space][deg]C. Detailed analysis of rewarming events from four echidnas showed rewarming time to be dependent on initial Tb (rewarming time in hours = 15.6 - 0.41Tinitial, n = 31) with an average rewarming rate of 1.9 +/- 0.4[no-break space][deg]C h- 1. Based on an hourly sampling rate, the peak rewarming rate was found to be 7.2 +/- 0.8[no-break space][deg]C h- 1 (n = 12), which was measured at a mean Tb of 26.2 +/- 2.4[no-break space][deg]C. This rate of heating was calculated to be equivalent to a peak oxygen consumption rate of 1.4 +/- 0.2[no-break space]ml O2 g h- 1, approximately 9 times the basal metabolic rate. We found that a plot of rate of change of Tb against Tb for the entire data set from an individual echidna provided a useful summary and analytical tool." name="eprints.abstract" />
  38. <meta content="2006-09-05" name="eprints.date" />
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  46. <meta content="Augee, M.L., Ealey, E.H.M., 1968. Torpor in the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Journal of  Mammalogy 49, 446-454.
  47. Beard, L.A., Grigg, G.C., Augee, M.L., 1992. Reproduction by echidnas in a cold climate. In: Augee, M.L. (Ed.) Platypus and Echidnas, Royal  Zoological Society NSW, Mosman, pp. 93-100.
  48. Brice, P.H., Grigg, G.C., Beard, L.A., Donovan, J.A., 2002. Patterns of activity and inactivity in echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) free-ranging in a hot dry climate: correlates with ambient temperature, time of day and season. Australian Journal of Zoology 50, 461-475.
  49. Cannon, B., Nedergaard, J., 2004. Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance. Physiological Reviews 84, 277-359.
  50. Di Maria, C., Rattigan, S., Clark, M., 2002. Vasoconstrictor-mediated thermogenesis present in perfused skeletal muscle but absent from perfused heart. Journal of  Thermal Biology 27, 151-158.
  51. Falkenstein, F., Kortner, G., Watson, K., Geiser, F., 2001. Dietary fats and body lipid composition in relation to hibernation in free-ranging echidnas. Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 171, 189-194.
  52. Geiser, F., 2004. Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor. Annual Review of Physiology 66, 239-274.
  53. Geiser, F., Baudinette, R.V., 1990. The relationship beween body mass and rate of rewarming from hibernation and daily torpor in mammals. Journal of  experimental Biology 151, 349-359.
  54. Gillooly, J.F., Brown, J.H., West, G.B., Savage, V.M., Charnov, E.L., 2001. Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate. Science 293, 2248-2251.
  55. Green, B., Griffiths, M., Newgrain, K., 1992. Seasonal patterns in water, sodium and energy turnover in free- living echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Mammalia, Monotremata). Journal of Zoology 227, 351-365.
  56. Grigg, G.C., Augee, M.L., Beard, L.A., 1992. Thermal relations of free-living echidnas during activity and in hibernation in a cold climate. In: Augee, M.L. (Ed.) Platypus and Echidnas, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, pp. 160-173.
  57. Grigg, G.C., Beard, L.A., Augee, M.L., 1989. Hibernation in a monotreme, the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 92, 609-612.
  58. Hayward, J., Lisson, P., 1992. Evolution of brown fat: its absence in marsupials and monotremes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, 171-179.
  59. Hinds, D.S., Baudinette, R.V., Macmillen, R.E., Halpern, E.A., 1993. Maximum metabolism and the aerobic factorial scope of endotherms. Journal of Experimental Biology 182, 41-56.
  60. Hohtola, E., 2004. Shivering thermogenesis in birds and mammals. In: Barnes, B.M., Carey, H.V. (Eds.), Life in the Cold. Evolution, mechanisms, adaptation, and application, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology., Fairbanks - Alaska, pp. 241-252.
  61. IUPS Thermal Commission, 2001. Glossary of terms for thermal physiology  (reprinted from the Japanese Journal of Physiology). Journal of Thermal Biology 28, 75-106.
  62. Körtner, G., Geiser, F., 2000. The temporal organization of daily torpor and hibernation: circadian and circannual rhythms. Chronobiology International 17, 103-128.
  63. Lyman, C.P., 1982. Why bother to hibernate? In: Lyman, C.P., Willis, J.S., Malan, A., Wang, L.C.H. (Eds.), Hibernation and Torpor in Mammals and Birds, Academic Press, New York, pp. 1-10.
  64. Martin, C.J., 1902. Thermal adjustment and respiratory exchange in monotremes and marsupials.- A study in the development of homoeothermism. Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, series B 195, 1-37.
  65. McKechnie, A.E., Wolf, B.O., 2004. The energetics of the rewarming phase of avian torpor. In: Barnes, B.M., Carey, H. (Eds.), Life in the Cold: Evolution, Mechanisms, Adaptation, and Application, Twelfth International Hibernation Symposium, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 
  66. McNab, B.K., 1984. Physiological convergence amongst ant-eating and termite-eating mammals. Journal of Zoology (London) 203, 485-510.
  67. Nicol, S.C., Andersen, N.A., 1993. The physiology of hibernation in an egg-laying mammal, the echidna. In: Carey, C., Florant, G.F., Wunder, B.A., Horwitz, B. (Eds.), Life in the Cold III: Ecological, Physiological, and Molecular Mechanisms, Westview Press, pp. 55-64.
  68. Nicol, S.C., Andersen, N.A., 1996. Hibernation in the echidna: not an adaptation to cold? In: Geiser, F., Hulbert, A.J., Nicol, S.C. (Eds.), Adaptations to the Cold: Tenth International HibernationSymposium, University of New England Press, Armidale, pp. 7-12.
  69. Nicol, S.C., Andersen, N.A., 2000. Patterns of hibernation of echidnas in Tasmania. In: Heldmaier, G., Klingenspor, M. (Eds.), Life in the Cold: Eleventh International Hibernation Symposium, Springer, Berlin, pp. 21-29.
  70. Nicol, S.C., Andersen, N.A., 2002. The timing of hibernation in Tasmanian echidnas: why do they do it when they do? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry &amp; Molecular Biology 131, 603-611.
  71. Nicol, S.C., Andersen, N.A., 2006. Body temperature as an indicator of egg-laying in the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Journal of Thermal Biology 31, 483-490.
  72. Nicol, S.C., Andersen, N.A., Jones, S.M., 2005. Seasonal variations in reproductive hormones of free-ranging echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus): interaction between reproduction and hibernation. General and Comparative Endocrinology 144, 204–210.
  73. Nicol, S.C., Andersen, N.A., Mesch, U., 1992. Metabolic rate and ventilatory pattern in the echidna during hibernation and arousal. In: Augee, M.L. (Ed.) Platypus and Echidnas, Royal Zoological Society of NSW, pp. 150-159.
  74. Nicol, S.C., Vedel-Smith, C., Andersen, N.A., 2004. Behavior, body temperature and hibernation in Tasmanian echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus). In: Barnes, B.M., Carey, H.V. (Eds.), Life in the Cold 2004, vol. 27. Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, pp. 149-157.
  75. Ruf, T., Arnold, W., 2000. Mechanisms of social thermoregulation in hibernarting alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). In: Heldmaier, G., Klingenspor, M. (Eds.), Life in the cold: Elevent international hibernation symposium, Springer, Berlin, pp. 81-94.
  76. Schmid, J., Andersen, N.A., Speakman, J.R., Nicol, S.C., 2003. Field energetics of free-living, lactating and non-lactating echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology 136, 903-909.
  77. Stone, G.N., Purvis, A., 1992. Warm-up rates during arousal from torpor in heterothermic mammals: physiological correlates and a comparison with heterothermic insects. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 162, 284-295.
  78. Zervanos, S.M., Salsbury, C.M., 2003. Seasonal body temperature fluctuations and energetic strategies in free-ranging eastern woodchucks (Marmota monax). Journal of Mammalogy 84, 299-310.
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  203.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Rewarming rates and thermogenesis in hibernating echidnas</h1>
  204.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Nicol, Stewart C.</span> and <span class="person_name">Andersen, Niels A.</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>Rewarming rates and thermogenesis in hibernating echidnas.</xhtml:em> Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology . ISSN 1095-6433 (In Press)</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/717/1/Nicol_et_al._2007_Rewarming_rates_and_thermogenesis_in_hibernating_echidnas_Comp_Biochem_Physiol_A_Mol_Integ_Physiol.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/717/1/Nicol_et_al._2007_Rewarming_rates_and_thermogenesis_in_hibernating_echidnas_Comp_Biochem_Physiol_A_Mol_Integ_Physiol.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />692Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="729" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.039">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.039</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">We measured body temperatures (Tb) in 14 free-ranging echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) using implanted data-loggers. An average of 1020 +/- 744 days of Tb data was recorded from each animal. The average maximum Tb was 35.3 +/- 0.7[no-break space][deg]C (n = 14), and the lowest Tb was 4.7[no-break space][deg]C. Detailed analysis of rewarming events from four echidnas showed rewarming time to be dependent on initial Tb (rewarming time in hours = 15.6 - 0.41Tinitial, n = 31) with an average rewarming rate of 1.9 +/- 0.4[no-break space][deg]C h- 1. Based on an hourly sampling rate, the peak rewarming rate was found to be 7.2 +/- 0.8[no-break space][deg]C h- 1 (n = 12), which was measured at a mean Tb of 26.2 +/- 2.4[no-break space][deg]C. This rate of heating was calculated to be equivalent to a peak oxygen consumption rate of 1.4 +/- 0.2[no-break space]ml O2 g h- 1, approximately 9 times the basal metabolic rate. We found that a plot of rate of change of Tb against Tb for the entire data set from an individual echidna provided a useful summary and analytical tool.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com&#13;
  205. </td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Tachyglossus aculeatus&#13;
  206. Echidna&#13;
  207. Monotreme&#13;
  208. Hibernation&#13;
  209. Thermoregulation&#13;
  210. Rewarming&#13;
  211. Maximal metabolic rate&#13;
  212. Non-shivering thermogenesis</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270799.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270700 Ecology and Evolution &gt; 270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270604.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270600 Physiology &gt; 270604 Comparative Physiology</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270603.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270600 Physiology &gt; 270603 Animal Physiology - Systems</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">717</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Associate Professor Stewart C. Nicol</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">08 Feb 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Feb 2008 09:34</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=717;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=717">item control page</a></p>
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